农民收入水平对农村家庭能源消费结构影响的实证分析

本文依据调查资料,利用层次分析法实证分析了农民收入水平对农村家庭能源消费结构的影响,得出结论:农户的收入水平对农村家庭生活用能源种类的选择影响较大,因此不同收入水平的农户家庭能源消费的结构存在较大的差异;人均收入在4000元以下的农户,户用沼气的权系数最大,人均收入超过4000元的农户,液化气的权系数最大;农户的收入越高,对能源的舒适性、便利性、卫生特性的要求越高,农户的收入越低,对能源的经济性则考虑得越多;使用无成本、又便利的户用沼气非常适合在收入水平较低的农村地区推广。     

广告对社会福利的影响及最优投放水平分析

本文首先对广告的作用,包括经济作用与社会作用做了定性的描述,然后运用经济学模型对广告与社会福利的关系进行了分析并探讨了最优的广告投放水平,最后分析了广告的负外部性因素对社会福利的影响。     

Agent-Based Facilitation of Water Allocation: Case Study in the Drome River Valley

The purpose of the 1992 French Water Act is to encourage negotiation and dialogue among local stakeholders within a framework which is very similar to a patrimonial approach. Potential use of models in such post-normal approaches is analyzed. Two kinds of models are compared: one is agent-based, the other follows a more classical approach. They are compared according to their contributions as negotiation support tools. This comparison is based on a specific collective decision process dealing with water allocation at the sub-basin scale, in which authors are involved. Both are used to support collective decision processes through simulation of resource use dynamics. Agent-Based Models entail the broadening of spatial information of actors in the process, revealing inter-connected topics not taken into consideration earlier. This makes it possible to remain relevant, despite the sometimes rapidly evolving stakes. The central point of this paper is the implementation, within a practical application, of theories advocating the use of ABM as a collective decision support system. This application promotes a better understanding of the kind of support ABM provides and the way it does so. This is brought about more by re-framing the discussion and modifying the representation of the system on the part of the stakeholders than by providing specific agreements.     

破解财政分税制改革难题的逆向思维——三级政府三级财政三级分税

我国实施财政分税制,是适应政治、经济、财政等大环境,深化改革的必然结果和正确选择。1994年实行分税制,划分了中央与地方之间的财权,并希望通过逐步深化改革来解决省以下各级的财力分配问题。十余年过去了,省以下的分税制改革没有取得任何实质性进展,由此导致非规范化运作的负作用逐步放大。分税制改革无法深化,是因为遭遇到在现有体制下无法破解的“难题”。要解开这一“难题”,必须进行体制创新,将五级政府、五级财政“扁平化”为三级。中央、省、县三级政府三级财政三级分税,是我国分税制的出路,也有利于解决我国政府体制、财政体制中诸多深层次问题。     

浙江省高层次人才聚集与创新环境建设

高层次人才作为战略性的稀缺资源,供不应求,始终处于竞争的焦点,高层次人才不仅是一种资源,还是一种人才资本。浙江作为一个经济相对发达的沿海省份,高层次人才聚集所要采取的对策主要是培养、吸引和使用,并进行适应高层次人才聚集创新环境的建设。     

Industry changes in technology and complementary assets and the creation of high-growth firms

This study uses employment data to examine why some industries host more new high-growth firms than others. Using a unique data base of 201 industries over a 15-year period, we find that increases in the proportion of employment of scientists and engineers in industries are positively associated with counts of fast-growing new firms; however, we do not detect a relationship between fluctuations in the proportion of employment in sales and production occupations and counts of fast-growing new firms. The findings suggest that technological innovation is an important determinant of entrepreneurial opportunity. Further, they suggest that private new firms are an important means of organizing commercial innovation and that new firms may be less constrained by complementary assets than has been previously understood.     

体验经济视角下的海洋科技旅游与产品创新设计

海洋科技旅游是我国新兴的旅游产业,在当前体验经济的时代背景呈现出不同的特性。如何开发海洋科技旅游,进行产品创新设计,本文以体验经济理论为指导,提出了产品体验化设计的原则,并从主题提炼、故事编写、场景设计和体验气氛营造、活动策划和体验过程设计四个方面阐述了海洋科技旅游产品创新设计的方法。     

HIGH‐ORDER SHORT‐TIME EXPANSIONS FOR ATM OPTION PRICES OF EXPONENTIAL LÉVY MODELS

The short‐time asymptotic behavior of option prices for a variety of models with jumps has received much attention in recent years. In this work, a novel second‐order approximation for at‐the‐money (ATM) option prices is derived for a large class of exponential Lévy models with or without Brownian component. The results hereafter shed new light on the connection between both the volatility of the continuous component and the jump parameters and the behavior of ATM option prices near expiration. In the presence of a Brownian component, the second‐order term, in time‐t, is of the form , with d₂ only depending on Y, the degree of jump activity, on σ, the volatility of the continuous component, and on an additional parameter controlling the intensity of the “small” jumps (regardless of their signs). This extends the well‐known result that the leading first‐order term is . In contrast, under a pure‐jump model, the dependence on Y and on the separate intensities of negative and positive small jumps are already reflected in the leading term, which is of the form . The second‐order term is shown to be of the form and, therefore, its order of decay turns out to be independent of Y. The asymptotic behavior of the corresponding Black–Scholes implied volatilities is also addressed. Our method of proof is based on an integral representation of the option price involving the tail probability of the log‐return process under the share measure and a suitable change of probability measure under which the pure‐jump component of the log‐return process becomes a Y‐stable process. Our approach is sufficiently general to cover a wide class of Lévy processes, which satisfy the latter property and whose Lévy density can be closely approximated by a stable density near the origin. Our numerical results show that the first‐order term typically exhibits rather poor performance and that the second‐order term can significantly improve the approximation's accuracy, particularly in the absence of a Brownian component.     

关于优化我国政府级次的构想

我国是世界上政府层级最多的国家,设有中央、省(自治区、直辖市)、市(自治州、地区)、县(自治县、市)、乡(民族乡、镇)五级政府。随着构建公共行政、程序行政和责任行政为主体的"服务型"政府管理体制改革的推进,这种"金字塔"型的政府级次的弊端越来越明显,减少中间层次,扩大管理幅度,构建扁平化的政府级次势在必行,即将五级政府扁平化为中央政府、省政府和基层政府的三级政府。     

安徽科技资源配置效率评价及创新思路

科技资源及其布局是区域科技创新能力的基础.通过对安徽科技资源总量、结构及空间布局状况的分析,对科技资源配置效率进行评价,找出存在问题及原因,从有利于科技经济一体化发展、提高配置效率的角度提出整合思路.